Modern online casinos are powered by sophisticated algorithms that ensure fair and unpredictable results. The main technology that ensures that every spin of a slot, deal of cards, or roulette number does not depend on external factors is the random number generator (RNG Random Number Generator). It completely eliminates the human factor and makes each game round independent.
Players often wonder how fair online gambling is, especially when choosing gaming platforms operating outside of the UK jurisdiction. For example, if you are considering a free 100 spins no deposit in casinos, it is important to understand how RNG works and what mechanisms verify its fairness. In this article, let’s break down all the key aspects of how the random number generator works, as well as dispel popular myths about its predictability.
What is RNG and How Does it Work?
A random number generator (RNG) is software that creates sequences of numbers that do not follow any regular order. Unlike real physical processes of randomness, such as the flip of a coin or the roll of a dice, in digital systems, randomness is created using mathematical algorithms.
Every millisecond, the RNG generates a huge number of numbers, even if no one is currently playing. These numbers represent the outcome for various games: for example, in a slot, they determine which symbols will appear on the reels; in roulette, they determine which number will be the winning number; and in poker or blackjack, they determine which card will be dealt to the player.
One of the key elements of the generator is the initial number, called the ‘seed number’. It is taken from various sources: time on the server’s system clock, user activity, processor noise or other parameters that provide initial randomness. The algorithm then uses complex mathematical formulas to use this number to create billions of new values that cannot be predicted.
Many people think that because the RNG runs on an algorithm, it can be ‘solved’. However, modern systems are so complex that even the most powerful supercomputers can’t hack it or predict the next result in a game. This makes RNGs one of the most reliable integrity mechanisms in the online gambling industry.
What are the Different Types of Random Number Generators?
There are two main types of random number generators used in gambling: pseudo-random (PRNG) and true random (TRNG). Both types guarantee random results, but their operating principles are different.
Software generators (PRNG – Pseudorandom Number Generator) are used in most online casinos. They create random numbers based on mathematical algorithms. Despite the name ‘pseudorandom’, their work is based on such complex formulas that it is impossible to predict their result. PRNGs are used in most slot machines, virtual roulette, and other games of chance.
Physical generators (TRNG – True Random Number Generator) work on the principles of real physical randomness. They use chaotic processes, such as quantum noise or radioactive decay of particles, to create truly random numbers. Such generators are used in scientific research, cryptography, and sometimes land-based casinos, but they are rare in online gambling due to the complexity of implementation.
The main advantage of PRNG over TRNG is that it requires much less computational resources and runs faster. However, to ensure fairness, PRNGs are always tested by independent auditors who check if the algorithm contains any hidden patterns.
How Does the RNG Work in Different Games?
Although RNG is at the heart of all gambling games, how it works differs depending on the type of game. Different genres require specific algorithms adapted to their mechanics.
In slot machines, the RNG is responsible for which symbols will appear on the reels; you also can try it by yourself, having 20 free spins no deposit. When the player presses the ‘Spin’ button, the algorithm has already pre-selected the result of the spin, even if the animation of the reels continues for a few seconds. This means that no strategies, such as waiting for a hot slot, work – each spin is completely independent of previous spins.
In roulette, the RNG selects a random number on which the ball will fall. This number is unrelated to previous results, making it impossible to predict the outcome. Many players use strategies based on roll history, but since the RNG does not take past results into account, such systems do not work.
In card games (poker, blackjack), the RNG is responsible for dealing the cards. It constantly ‘shuffles’ the virtual deck, ensuring that no player can predict the next card. The algorithm also prevents any patterns from occurring, ensuring the integrity of the game.
How Does the RNG Guarantee Fairness and Unbiasedness?
The Random Number Generator is the foundation of fair play at online casinos, but the algorithm alone cannot prove to be reliable. To ensure that the RNG truly works without manipulation, it undergoes rigorous testing in independent laboratories. Some of the most reputable organisations in this field include eCOGRA, iTech Labs and Gaming Laboratories International (GLI). These companies conduct in-depth mathematical analyses of casino algorithms, using statistical methods to check whether the numbers are evenly distributed.
Every licensed UK online casino is required to use a certified random number generator that meets the strict standards of the UK Gambling Commission (UKGC). This means that the casino doesn’t just claim that its RNG is honest – its algorithms are regularly tested. For example, testers analyze hundreds of thousands and sometimes millions of gaming sessions, calculating the probability of each possible outcome occurring. If deviations from normal mathematical expectations are detected, this may indicate irregularities, and such a casino risks losing its license.
Another important aspect is analyzing the long-term distribution of winnings. As part of the testing, experts check whether the random number generator really provides a uniform distribution of results and does not show bias in favor of the casino or player. Such analyses are performed on a large data set to identify any anomalies or patterns. The labs also conduct so-called ‘stress tests’, simulating billions of game rounds to confirm the randomness of the system.
Additionally, the RNG is encrypted and protected from third-party interference. Licensed casinos cannot change the algorithm of the generator without undergoing a new certification, and any suspicion of tampering with the RNG by the operator can lead to loss of license and fines.
Myths About the Random Number Generator
Despite strict controls and certification, many players continue to believe in various myths associated with the RNG. One of the most popular misconceptions is the assumption that the casino can ‘tweak’ the generator in its favor and manipulate game outcomes. In reality, such manipulations are impossible in licensed casinos, as each change in the algorithm requires re-certification, and the work of the RNG is constantly checked by independent auditors. Moreover, the mechanism of random number generation itself is not controlled by the operator – it is embedded in the software of the game provider (e.g. NetEnt, Microgaming, Play’n GO), not in the casino site itself.
Another myth that is common among players is the idea that ‘machines give away winnings after a series of losses’. Many players believe that if a slot has not paid out winnings for a long time, it means that the ‘turn of victories’ is about to come. This is a misconception known as the Gambler’s Fallacy. In reality, each spin is an independent event, unrelated to previous spins. The RNG does not ‘remember’ how many times a player has lost or won, so there is no guarantee that a long series of bad luck will be followed by a big win.
Some also believe in ‘betting systems’ that supposedly can increase the odds of winning. For example, the method of doubling bets (the Martingale system) is often used in roulette, but it has no effect on the RNG and does not make the outcome more predictable. While some strategies can help manage your bankroll, they do not change the way the random number generator works.
Finally, there is a misconception that certain casinos can ‘tweak’ the RNG so that players are more likely to lose. Licensed establishments rule this out, but unlicensed casinos may indeed use uncertified generators. Therefore, it is always worth checking if you have a license from the UKGC or other international regulators.
Can the RNG be Predicted or Hacked?
The complexity of the random number generator begs a legitimate question for players – can it be predicted or hacked? In the history of gambling, there have been several cases when cheaters tried to calculate patterns in the work of RNG, but such schemes are extremely rare and require huge resources.
One of the most famous RNG hacking stories was the case of RealTime Gaming (RTG), when a group of hackers managed to predict video poker results using number sequence analysis. They discovered that RNG was using a ‘seed number that was too short,’ which made the results predictable. As a result, RTG had to update their algorithms, and the casinos that used the software suffered losses.
However, modern RNGs use sophisticated algorithms and encryption that are almost impossible to crack. For example, many gaming providers use algorithms with 128-bit or 256-bit encryption, making it impossible to analyze and predict results even with huge data sets.
Some scammers offer programs that can supposedly predict results at slots or roulette, but they are all bogus. They either just show random numbers with no connection to real games, or they try to collect players’ personal data. Casinos, in turn, use additional security systems such as dynamic RNG keys, which makes hacking impossible even with powerful computing power.
It’s also worth remembering that casinos keep a close eye on suspicious activity. If players try to exploit the RNG vulnerability in any way, their accounts will be instantly blocked, and their winnings will be cancelled.
The Future of RNG Technology in Online Casinos
In the future, RNG technology will continue to evolve, becoming even more transparent and secure. One of the major innovations in this area is blockchain and the concept of Provably Fair Gambling.
This mechanism is already used in some crypto-casinos and allows players to independently check the randomness of each result. The algorithm’s operation is based on open source code, and the results can be checked against hash functions, eliminating the possibility of manipulation. Blockchain allows storing records of each generated number in a distributed network, making the generation process absolutely transparent.
Another promising direction is the use of artificial intelligence in analysing random numbers. AI is capable of detecting anomalies in the RNG distribution, which will make it even more effective in monitoring casino integrity and preventing fraud.
Current developments are also focused on increasing the power of the generators. In the future, RNGs will be able to run on quantum computing, which will make the generation process even more secure and completely random. Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) are already being used in scientific research and could eventually become the standard for online gambling.
How do Casinos use RNGs to Customize Games?
While a random number generator guarantees the fairness of the game, it is important to understand that casinos and software developers can tune certain parameters within acceptable mathematical models. One of the key metrics that goes into every game is the RTP (Return to Player), or return to player percentage.
RTP indicates how much of a bet a game theoretically returns to users over the long haul. For example, if a slot has an RTP of 96%, this means that on average, for every £100 bet, players receive £96 back in winnings, with the remaining 4% going to the casino. This figure does not affect a particular round – the RNG still works randomly, but on a statistically significant number of bets, the game generates the average return built into its algorithm.
Another aspect that casinos can regulate is the volatility of the game. Slots with high volatility pay out less frequently, but the potential wins can be large. Low volatility games, on the other hand, pay out frequent but small wins. Although the RNG determines which symbols will fall on each spin, the game itself is programmed to fit its mathematical model.
Casinos can also set up different versions of the same slot. For example, the same machine from NetEnt or Pragmatic Play can have an RTP of 96%, 94%, or even 92%, depending on what value a particular casino has chosen. Therefore, you should always check the return percentage in the information section of the game before playing.
Conclusion
The random number generator is the backbone of online gambling. It guarantees fairness, unpredictability, and a level playing field for all players. To make sure that the RNG is reliable, it is important to choose a casino with a UKGC license and verification from independent laboratories.
Despite myths about ‘tweaks’ and ‘winning strategies’, random number algorithms remain unchanged and beyond the control of players. The only way to increase your chances of success is to choose games with high RTP and play responsibly.